What is plastic?

Undoubtedly, plastic is a material with widespread use in the modern world, which can be found literally everywhere; from packaging and clothing to electronics and cars. But what exactly is plastic? How has this material become such an integral part of our lives?

Understanding plastic

In essence, plastic is a polymer, a substance derived from petrochemicals (crude oil and natural gas), consisting of long, repeating chains of molecules. These petrochemicals are raw materials that become plastic through a process called polymerization, which provides plastic with unique properties such as flexibility, durability, and the ability to take various shapes.

Application of plastics

Plastics have various applications based on their different forms and having different features. More specifically:

– In grocery bags, bottles, and toys, a lightweight and resistant to moisture form is used, called polyethylene (PE).

– In food containers, automotive parts, and textiles, a tough and flexible form is used, called polypropylene (PP).

– In pipes, window frames, and medical devices, a rigid and resistant to chemicals form is used, called polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

– In disposable coffee cups and packaging foam, an insulating form is used, called polystyrene (PS).

– In beverage bottles and food packaging, a strong, lightweight, and recyclable form is used, called polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

The rise of plastic

In the early 20th century, Bakelite, the first fully synthetic plastic, was invented and, as a result, the journey of plastics in our lives began, leading to a “plastic revolution”, as it is an alternative material to wood, metal, and glass, preferred by manufacturers and consumers for its versatility and affordability. Nowadays, plastic has become indispensable in most aspects of life.

Environmental challenge

Many significant environmental challenges have risen from plastic use, despite its many advantages. At the core, these issues are derived from the fact that while its use is beneficial, its disposal is problematic, as most of its forms are non-biodegradable, leading to long-term ground and water pollution. With the increased amount of plastic waste in oceans and landfills, it become a global concern, especially regarding these tiny plastic particles, microplastics, found in water, soil, and even the air we breathe.

Several efforts are made to mitigate plastic pollution, including recycling, developing biodegradable alternatives, and reducing plastic use. However, barriers to fully leveraging the results of these efforts include the complexity of its recycling and the limited infrastructure to support plastic waste management at a wider scale.

Learn more about what is plastic visiting the RESCUE platform: https://rescue.erasmus.site/courses/module-1-history-of-plastic/lessons/subtopic-2-what-is-plastic/