{"id":1584,"date":"2024-11-17T14:27:03","date_gmt":"2024-11-17T14:27:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/?p=1584"},"modified":"2024-12-13T07:53:27","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T07:53:27","slug":"labelling-of-microplastics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/et\/2024\/11\/17\/labelling-of-microplastics\/","title":{"rendered":"Mikroplasti m\u00e4rgistamine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mikroplastik, mis on m\u00e4\u00e4ratletud kui k\u00f5ik alla viie millimeetri suurused plastikuosakesed, on olnud teravate keskkonnavaidluste objektiks alates sellest, kui merebioloog Richard Thompson 2004. aastal selle termini v\u00e4lja pakkus. Need on nii plasti lagunemise looduslik toode kui ka teatud toodetele erinevatel eesm\u00e4rkidel tahtlikult lisatud (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.criver.com\/eureka\/new-restrictions-microplastics-europe\">Timmer, 2023<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Vastuseks sellele kasvavale probleemile v\u00f5ttis Euroopa Komisjon 2023. aasta septembris vastu kemikaalide registreerimise, hindamise, autoriseerimise ja piiramise (<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_23_4581\">REACH) piirangu<\/a> toodetele tahtlikult lisatud mikroplastide kohta ning ettepaneku m\u00e4\u00e4ruse kohta, mis k\u00e4sitleb plastmassikillustiku keskkonda sattumise v\u00e4ltimist. Plastikust mikrohelmeid k\u00e4sitlev teema on paljude REACH-m\u00e4\u00e4rusega h\u00f5lmatud t\u00f6\u00f6stusharude p\u00e4evakorras t\u00e4htsal kohal, kuna surve ettev\u00f5tetele nende keskkonnam\u00f5ju v\u00e4hendamiseks kasvab. Need meetmed aitavad otseselt kaasa nullt\u00f5kestamise tegevuskavas s\u00e4testatud mikroplasti heite 30% v\u00e4hendamise eesm\u00e4rgi saavutamisele.<\/p>\n<p>Euroopa Keemiaagentuur (<a href=\"https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/fr\/hot-topics\/microplastics\">2023<\/a>) k\u00e4sitleb mikroplasti kui tahkeid s\u00fcnteetilisi mikroosakesi, mis koosnevad lahustumatutest, mittebiolagunevatest pol\u00fcmeeridest. Pol\u00fcmeeri ja mikroplasti vahel on v\u00e4ga oluline erinevus: k\u00f5ik mikroplastid on pol\u00fcmeerid, kuid mitte k\u00f5ik pol\u00fcmeerid ei ole mikroplastid. Need v\u00f5ivad olla v\u00f5i mitte olla mikroplastid, s\u00f5ltuvalt nende p\u00e4ritolust, tootmisprotsessist ja f\u00fc\u00fcsikalis-keemilistest omadustest (eelk\u00f5ige f\u00fc\u00fcsikalisest vormist) ning sellest, kuidas neid kasutatakse vastavas tootet\u00fc\u00fcbis. Mikroplastid p\u00e4rinevad erinevatest allikatest ja kui neid ei p\u00fc\u00fca \u00e4ra reoveepuhastusjaamades, v\u00f5ivad mereelukad neid alla neelata.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f5ned t\u00f6\u00f6stusharud, mida tahtlikult lisatud plastist mikrohelmeid k\u00e4sitlev keeld m\u00f5jutab, h\u00f5lmavad spordi-, ilu-, tervishoiu-, p\u00f5llumajandus- ja ehitusmaterjalide sektorit. Esimesed meetmed, sealhulgas glitteri ja mikrohelmeid k\u00e4sitlev keeld, j\u00f5ustusid 17. oktoobril 2023. aastal. Teised m\u00fc\u00fcgikeelud j\u00f5ustuvad j\u00e4rk-j\u00e4rgult, et anda ettev\u00f5tetele aega reageerida ja minna \u00fcle alternatiividele (<a href=\"https:\/\/measurlabs.com\/blog\/microplastic-regulations-and-testing-in-the-eu\/\">Rautio, 2023<\/a>).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mikroplastik, mis on m\u00e4\u00e4ratletud kui k\u00f5ik alla viie millimeetri suurused plastikuosakesed, on olnud teravate keskkonnavaidluste objektiks alates sellest, kui merebioloog&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/et\/2024\/11\/17\/labelling-of-microplastics\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Mikroplasti m\u00e4rgistamine<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1585,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1584"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1821,"href":"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1584\/revisions\/1821"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1585"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rescue.erasmus.site\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}